A letter from Dostoiévski to Bresson...
From Book to Film
A text about adaptations using Dostoevsky and Bresson as a foundation
What Does It Mean to Go Beyond?
What does it mean to go beyond what is expected? In theory, it is surprise, change. However, there are cases where adaptations are nothing more nor less than a certain way of changing the medium of a format.
In our case, we will use the film 4 Nights of a Dreamer as our foundation. Robert Bresson's film is the narrative that shapes the main character based on the book White Nights by Fyodor Dostoevsky.
The adaptation itself is a copy. Yet, there are caveats that turn Bresson's narrative fidelity into something almost original. The eternal question that remains is: how is it possible to adapt without losing the author's originality?
The Freedom of Adaptation
In its literality, adaptation is the author's freedom to modify a structure, not necessarily to create something from scratch in order to be original and worthy of recognition.
What I mean is that, just as there are cases of true narrative twists (such as video game movies, like Resident Evil), there are also cases where the source material is what truly enriches the work being adapted.
For example, we are in 2026, a year where adaptations reign in the film market, such as superhero movies and soap operas. However, there is a parallel importance to this discussion: the way of adapting to present works to different audiences.
Bresson's Subtlety
And so we come to exalt Bresson's subtlety and honesty. The film 4 Nights of a Dreamer is important for presenting a classic from the 1800s to a new generation. In this case, the reinvention of art for what was, at the time, the newly discovered seventh art.
It is for these functions that the technological revolution needs to revive, highlight, and exalt classic works through new media, the main reason being the rebirth and rediscovery of works that often fall into oblivion.
But why does this happen?
The New Versus the Classic
We humans have a logic planted in the structuring of society—in the form of a market—that believes the new is better and should be more valued than the old. However, we fall into the phase of difficulty in distinguishing novelty from nostalgia.
In theory, classics are works that are difficult to access largely because of the way they are presented to us. Paulo Freire, an educator and philosopher, advocated for presenting classic works based on the student's reality.
What does this mean? Let's go: the reality of a young person in the 2020s is essentially about stimuli. With that, we have some options for adapting a Dostoevsky to such a reality. One of them is cinema. But let's not just throw out information; let's try to go further...
Cinema as Stimulus
Cinema was born with the function of recalling moments, through the "spoken image," which is, in fact, a multiple stimulus. Cinema has the ability to stimulate various senses, including vision, hearing, and psychological effects, such as emotional stimulation—for example, the effect of nostalgia.
Therefore, when we present classic works through cinema, we are speaking directly to entire generations who, being present, need adaptations to their reality, whether that reality is good or bad.
Faithful or Original?
With that, is there a truth in the discussion between faithful and original adaptation? No!
The faithful adaptation is functional for such a presentation. It re-signifies through media why the interdependence of a work with a new version is necessary.
The reality itself is that the way of telling a story automatically generates a new version. What I mean is that, regardless of whether it is identical to the source work or not, any work that changes authors is a new work.
So, if you are looking for a work identical to Dostoevsky's in 4 Nights of a Dreamer, you will be disappointed. The world was different in Bresson's time, and he had to adapt to that. Do you understand how the correlation of a work with the time in which it was produced is more than functional depending on the objective?
Authorial Works
"What about original works?" Original works have something a bit more subjective. When we speak of authorial subjectivity, we have in mind a mechanism that is, in theory, free. But the foundation will be present 100% of the time, whether in structure, concept, characters, or dialogue.
A classic example of this are the films of Christopher Nolan, a director known for his bold decisions, which, somehow, gave the director a consolidated image. Today, if Christopher Nolan decides to release an adaptation, we all know it will have an authorial way of telling a particular story.
And that is why, through authorial adaptations, we have a new way of telling the old, a way that both retells and tells at the same time.
The Importance of Visions
Ultimately, the importance of both forms is highlighted when the source work gains new visions. And by vision, I mean a new way of seeing a particular universe: with each look, each soul that touches those adaptations and works becomes a fusion of visions. After all, as stated, a work that changes authors is a new work.
So, when people say an adaptation is bad, or that it doesn't do justice to the original work, go with the idea that works are individual, and within these individualities reside experiences, visions, and relationships that we cannot even imagine.
And when 4 Nights of a Dreamer tells the story of Dostoevsky's novella, it also tells a little about French cinema, about the distorted view of reality through which Bresson saw the world (and even similar to Dostoevsky's melancholy).
Conclusion
In conclusion, the book is one thing, the film is another. In the worst-case scenario, consume both and draw your own conclusions!
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