Melancholy as a Narrative Tool
Why Does Cinema Turn Pain into Poetry?
Historically, melancholy represents the intrinsic poetry of the human being. It is the way the body and the mind express themselves without leaving physical marks. However, sadness becomes a poetic feeling when it is moderated: it is allowing the world to hurt you, a contact with the surface of life that is often denied by fear.
Within those fears live traumas. But after all, what causes trauma? In its rawest form, pain is the moment when expectations are broken; it is when beliefs built over an entire lifetime collapse. What once was a teenager’s fear becomes an adult’s reality. So the question that remains is: what about society?
Society as the Origin of Trauma
Society is the progenitor of trauma. Within this worldview, we enter the debate about suffering in relation to the global system of life: capitalism.
Under capitalism, the version of happiness we are presented with is nothing more than acquisition and the accumulation of goods. In other words, human beings are led to believe they need financial power to fill an existential void and thus achieve happiness—while, on a larger scale, continuing to turn the wheel of a system that increasingly oppresses them.
But why emphasize the political system? Because within it lies the idea of meritocracy, the supposed mechanism that defines reward and pleasure. Yet this pleasure is as temporary as the production of the very goods that promise it. Trauma lives within this failure.
The gap within capitalism dictates what a human being can or cannot become. A clear example appears in the film Lilya 4-ever, where, after being abandoned by her parents, a young girl begins to make dangerous decisions, playing with luck and finding excitement in danger.
The irony, however, lies in the possible solution: a secure system. In such a system, we are not speaking merely about theoretical concepts, but about something capable of recognizing cases like Lilya’s—where melancholy is not poetic and yet can still appear beautiful, not because of the pain itself, but because of the possibility of care and treatment.
And this is what cinema brings into focus: the cinematic vision of social loss—or, more precisely, abandonment.
Abandonment as a Narrative Turning Point
Abandonment in cinema acts as a “turning point,” because it conveys a central idea: the human being is being forced to evolve.
Evolution does not necessarily mean progress or regression—it means adaptation. Returning to Lilya 4-ever, the evolution of that young girl was to embrace pain. If you cannot fight it, you join it. And that is exactly what she does.
Social abandonment transforms melancholy into an inhuman escape. It is not about overcoming reality, but confronting it.
There is a significant difference between films that seek to criticize the system surrounding sadness and those that seek to offer a lesson. Both possess their own characteristics, yet they create impacts that are equally subjective and functional.
Suddenly, the ending of The Perks of Being a Wallflower differs from that of Lilya 4-ever, not because it is “less worthy,” but because it chooses a different method to communicate its message.
Thus, melancholy appears in two forms: the frontal and the passive.
Frontal Melancholy in Cinema
Frontal melancholy is the kind that strikes directly at the viewer’s emotions. When we construct a cinematic universe centered on pain, we create a reality that can either pull us out of that suffering—like in The Perks of Being a Wallflower—or trap us within it, intensifying feelings of discomfort.
Therefore, when defining melancholy in cinema, we are essentially discussing a chain of cause and consequence between a micro-universe and a macro-level problem.
In this sense, the true source of the problem lies in the human ego, shaped by political visions created by thinkers whose perspectives, from a social standpoint, may be deeply flawed.
This error is not hypothetical—it reflects a reality where people go hungry every day, sleep on the streets, and search through garbage in hopes of finding food.
So the question remains: is cinematic melancholy beautiful?
The Beauty of Cinematic Melancholy
Cinematic melancholy is not reality—and that is precisely why it can appear beautiful. It functions like a reflection, a universe where the creator does not think merely as an individual but as a kind of parent to the story.
When a filmmaker directs a film like Lilya 4-ever, the primary concern is not how kindly the character is treated, but rather how the narrative message of the film can reach its intended impact.
So whether the audience is pleased or disturbed, if discomfort is the goal, what is wrong with achieving it?
Conclusion
In the end, the beauty of something does not negate its necessity or importance. It is simply another way of telling a story with a specific purpose.
Melancholy becomes beautiful not because of pain itself, but because it reflects humanity. And humanity, in its essence, is beautiful. It is beautiful to be human and to feel passion, empathy, fear, and sadness—although reality itself could be different.
When a film ends, reality inevitably returns. And that character who appeared to be a victim of the system gains a certain poetic weight because they reflect the viewer.
The beauty of pain is only possible through identification.
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